15 Classic Poems for the New Year

15 Classic Poems for the New Year The turning of the calendar from one year to the next has always been a time of reflection and hope. We spend the days  summing up past experiences, bidding farewell to those we have lost, renewing old friendships, making plans and resolutions, and expressing our hopes for the future. All of these are fit subjects for poems, like these classics on New Year’s themes. Robert Burns,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Song- Auld Lang Syne† (1788) It is a song that millions choose to sing every year as the clock strikes midnight and it is a timeless classic. Auld Lang Syne is both a song and a poem, after all, songs are poetry set to music, right? And yet, the tune we know today isnt quite the same thing that Robert Burns had in mind when he wrote it over two centuries ago. The melody has changed and a few of the words have been updated (and others have not) to meet modern tongues. For instance, in the last verse, Burns wrote: And there’s a hand, my trusty fere!And gie’s a hand o’ thine!And we’ll tak a right gude-willie waught, The modern version prefers: And thers a hand, my trusty friend,And gies a hand o thine;Well tak a cup o kindness yet, It is the phrase gude-willie waught that catches most people by surprise and its easy to see why many people choose to repeat cup o kindness yet. They do mean the same thing though, as gude-willie is Scottish adjective meaning  good-will  and  waught  means  hearty drink. Tip:  Ã‚  A common misconception is that  Sin is pronounced  zine  when really it is more like  sign. It means  since  and  auld lang syne  refers to something like old long since. Ella Wheeler Wilcox,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Year† (1910) If there is a New Years Eve poem worth putting to memory, it is Ella Wheeler Wilcoxs The Year. This short and rhythmical poem sums up everything we experience with the passing of each year and it rolls off the tongue when recited. What can be said in New Year rhymes,That’s not been said a thousand times?The new years come, the old years go,We know we dream, we dream we know.We rise up laughing with the light,We lie down weeping with the night.We hug the world until it stings,We curse it then and sigh for wings.We live, we love, we woo, we wed,We wreathe our brides, we sheet our dead.We laugh, we weep, we hope, we fear,And that’s the burden of the year. If you get the opportunity, read Wilcoxs  Ã¢â‚¬Å"New Year: A Dialogue.† Written in  1909, it is a fantastic dialogue between Mortal and The New Year in which the latter knocks on the door with offers of good cheer, hope, success, health, and love. The reluctant and downcast mortal is finally lured in. It is a brilliant commentary on how the new year often revives us even though it is just another day on the calendar. Helen Hunt Jackson,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"New Year’s Morning† (1892) Along those same lines, Hellen Hunt Jacksons poem, New Years Morning discusses how its only one night and that each morning can be New Years. This is a fantastic piece of inspirational prose that ends with: Only a night from old to new;Only a sleep from night to morn.The new is but the old come true;Each sunrise sees a new year born. Alfred, Lord Tennyson,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Death of the Old Year† (1842) Poets often relate the old year with drudgery and sorrow and the new year with hope and lifted spirits. Alfred, Lord Tennyson did not shy away from these thoughts and the title of his poem, The Death of the Old Year captures the sentiment of the verses perfectly. In this classic poem, Tennyson spends the first four verses lamenting the years passing as if it were an old and dear friend on his death bed. The first stanza ends with four poignant lines: Old year you must not die;You came to us so readily,You lived with us so steadily,Old year you shall not die. As the verses move on, he counts down the hours: ’ Tis nearly twelve o’clock. Shake hands, before you die. Eventually, a new face is at his door and the narrator must Step from the corpse, and let him in. Tennyson addresses the new year in  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ring Out, Wild Bells† (from In Memoriam A.H.H., 1849) as well. In this poem, he pleads with the wild bells to Ring out the grief, dying, pride, spite, and many more distasteful traits. As he does this, he asks the bells to ring in the good, the peace, the noble, and the true. More New Years Poetry Death, life, sadness, and hope; poets in the 19th and 20th centuries took these New Years themes to great extremes as they wrote. Some took an optimistic view while, for others, it seems to have only led to despair. As you explore this theme, be sure to read these classic poems and study some of the context of the poets lives as the influence is often very profound in understanding. William Cullen Bryant,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Song for New Year’s Eve† (1859) - Bryant reminds us that the old year is not yet gone and that we should enjoy it to the last second. Many people take this as a great reminder for life in general. Emily Dickinson,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"One Year ago - jots what?† (#296) - The new year makes many people look back and reflect. While not specifically about New Years Day, this brilliant poem is wildly introspective. The poet wrote it on the anniversary of her fathers death and her writing seems so jumbled, so distraught that it moves the reader. No matter your anniversary - death, loss... whatever - you have likely felt the same as Dickinson at one time. Christina Rossetti,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Old and New Year Ditties† (1862) - The Victorian poet could be quite morbid and, surprisingly, this poem from the collection Goblin Market and Other Poems is one of her brighter works. It is very Biblical and offers hope and fulfillment. Also Recommended Francis Thompson,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"New Year’s Chimes† (1897)Thomas Hardy,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Darkling Thrush† (composed December 31, 1900, published 1902)Thomas Hardy,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"New Year’s Eve† (1906)D.H. Lawrence,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"New Year’s Eve† (1917) and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"New Year’s Night† (1917)John Clare,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Old Year† (1920)

NAFTA essays

NAFTA essays In January 1994, the United States, Mexico, and Canada implemented the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The goal of NAFTA is to create better trading conditions through tariff reduction, removal of investment barriers, and improvement of intellectual property protection. NAFTA continues to gradually reduce tariffs on set dates and aims to eliminate all tariffs by the year 2004. Before NAFTA was established, investing in Mexico was a difficult process. Investors needed the Mexican Government's approval and were also required to meet specific investment guidelines. These requirements necessitated investors to export a set level of goods and services, utilize domestic goods and services, and transfer technology to competitors. Under NAFTA, investors no longer need government approval to invest and are treated as domestic investors. NAFTA has also increased intellectual property rights and allowed companies to obtain patents in Mexico and Canada. In the past, companies were h esitant to export research and development intensive goods; with increased intellectual property protection, however, exports of these goods has shown a definite increase. As a result of better trading conditions, exports and imports of most other goods have increased along with the research and development intensive goods. In Mexico, the elimination of investment barriers has allowed investment to expand. Increased trading and investment has then created many jobs, raised the Gross Domestic Product, and lowered consumer prices. The macroeconomic principles defined in Economics 103 relate to NAFTA's impact on aggregate supply and demand, employment, investment, and their effects on national income. The free trade established by MERCOSUR also involves countries within South America. MERCOSUR, the Southern Common Market ( Mercado Common del Sur) was established in 1991 after a series of other free trade treaties failed to meet the standards of th...

The Chinese Occupation during 2 decades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Chinese Occupation during 2 decades - Essay Example However, the revolution was faced with great resistance from the colonial powers of the central people’s government. The central people’s government deployed police officers who arrested, tortured and detained many of the Tibetan people who were thought to be the reason behind the revolt. Moreover, the extremities of the Chinese oppression on the Tibetans heightened with the police opening live fire and killing scores of protesting Tibetans. This paper therefore intends to carry out an analysis of the Chinese occupation amidst the Tibetans in India within the two decades in mid 20th century. Great interest will focus on the mistreatment leveled against the Tibetans and which saw many arrested, detained and tortured while many others were killed. Discussion Immediately after the independent republic of China got internal governance, it embarked on a hasty mission to claim backs other territories, which belonged to her among which Tibet was. Chinese People’s libera tion army was then tasked with the task to propel the newly formed state in the missions to liberate other territories. However, the sovereignty of such a country as Tibet was not taken with the dignity it deserved and as such was one of the targets to be claimed by the Chinese army. Tibetan sovereignty had well been understood due to the reason that the country had never been taken captive by any political administration of a foreign country1. However, with initial peaceful approaches by the Chinese government to take over Tibet, the motive later turned out fatal with resistance from the Tibetan people who resisted the captivity. The reaction is what best describes the bloodshed and the mass deaths witnessed by the Tibetans. China was successful in taking over Tibet though they subjected the native Tibetans to untold sufferings and deprived them of the human rights as prescribed within the international human rights provisions by the UN. The 1950 invasion of the Tibet by an estimat ed thirty thousand Chinese troops marked the start of a painful ordeal to the people of Tibet. Their government of Tibet was toppled over and the Chinese took over control under the leadership of Dalai Lama since when many other troops of Chinese origin were deployed into the region. The onset of 1951 saw the Tibetan and Beijing counterparts sign into treaties, which pointed to national regional autonomy. Among other fundamentals in the agreements were that the central authority would observe the sovereignty of the governance structures governing Tibet as well as the already established status quo. Freedom of religion as well as the autonomy of the education system of the native Tibetans was to be safeguarded and developed2. However, the Tibetan revolt set in 1954 as resistance towards the failure of the Chinese government to honor the written agreement persisted. The Chinese started imposing collectivism to the Tibetans while at the same time destroying the Tibetan monasteries. As a result, the voluntary defense army of the Tibetan was born which facilitated and coordinated the rebellion against the central people’s government. 1959 and 1961 mark a milestone within the history of the Tibetans as it was the period in which the Chinese destroyed many the monasteries of the Tibetan people. Moreover, a severe famine swept across the Chinese territories killing thousands of the Chinese and many other Tibetans as well. After a mass revolt erupted in Lhasa because of bleach to the 1951 agreement by the

Construction Dispute Boards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Construction Dispute Boards - Essay Example that, an examination of traditional alternatives to the construction dispute boards will be highlighted before giving a comparative analysis of the two. Each construction project is distinct and unique from the other in its own right. This is because employers or project owners seek for customized services. Because of potential disputes that are bound to arise, each party nominates one impartial and independent person to form the dispute resolution board. Thereafter, the two nominated parties nominate a chairman with similar qualities to regulate the dispute board. The fundamental obligation of each member of the board is to get independent and original facts from the sites by regular visits and resolve the matter amicably. Through this, verdicts are easier to determine whenever conflicts or issues arise from the situation according to Donald (2009, p1). In unison, the board provides regular communication to their clients when there is a potential area of conflict that they detect. This effort is aim at resolving disputes before they arise and take negative directions. The composition of a dispute board may determine whether the boa rd takes the name of a Dispute Resolution Board (DRB) or Dispute Adjudication Board. The former name is strictly meant to give resolutions and a way forward and the latter provides adjudication positions. The following segments will look at the compositions of the DRBs. In most cases, the members of the DR boards do not exceed five. Unless the project is very large or too controversial such as the Hong Kong Airport project where seven members were used, three members are often the optimum figure. An odd number is chosen because of a need of a majority vote when a controversial standoff may have arisen. For a person to be named as a member, there are four qualities that they must posses and demonstrate. They must have an in depth knowledge with relevant design and construction issues. This means that they must understand areas where

Technology Inevitably Gets Better Over Time Essay

Technology Inevitably Gets Better Over Time - Essay Example This essay discusses that  advanced technologies have been getting better over a period of time that intends to provide significant facilities with the intention of improving the society. It can be affirmed that the idea of technology has developed the living standard of the societal members by a greater extent throughout the last decade and is still continuing to perform such function. It has been apparently observed that technology has provided advanced amenities to different people belonging to any communities by systematic employment of science.  According to the report  social interaction among the people living in different regions was viewed to be quite due to lack of communication as well as interaction. However, in recent days, with the introduction of innovative technologies such as mobile phones and internet, people can interact with each other quickly without facing any difficulties. In the past, distance was considered to be one of the critical factors that restric ted social interaction among people. But now, the distance barriers are resolved by various technological inventions. In today’s modern world, people can reach one part to other part of the world in a single day with the help of airplanes. Moreover, computers and laptops among others are regarded to be certain valuable gifts of technological inventions that are playing a major role in varied sectors.  In relation to technological advancements, various social networks like Facebook and Twitter among others are regarded to be the valuable inventions of internet technology.

Analysis of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria in Soil

Analysis of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria in Soil 1. INTRODUCTION Cereals are the world’s major source of food for human nutrition and rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the predominant cereal crop and represent staple diet for more than two fifth of the world population. To feed the ever increasing human population, the world’s yearly rice manufacturing to be bound by an obligation act out of 560 million tonnes to 760 million tonnes by 2020. The future increase in rice production has to come from the same or even reduced land area and the productivity yield (per ha) must be greatly enhanced by providing additional nutrient input and through effective control of phytopathogens. Blast disease of rice caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of rice causing loss up to 90% and has a ubiquitous occurrence in almost all the rice growing countries (Mehrothra, 1980). Phosphorus has been called â€Å"the key of life† because it is directly involved in most of the life processes. Next to nitrogen it is invariably classified as one of the macronutrients and it is a key element in frequency of use as fertilizer. It serves as a primary energy source for microbial oxidation. It is a constituent substance in life processes. Soil cannot give high yields if it is deficient in phosphate. Different mechanisms have been suggested for the solubilization of inorganic phosphorus by phosphate solubilize. It is usually accepted that the important mechanism of mineral phosphate solubilization is the movement of organic acids the combination of various thing into one whole by soil microorganisms (Halder et al., 1990). Manufacturing of organic acids results in acidification of the microbial cell and its lying on the outskrits. Resultant, inorganic phosphate may be released from a mineral phosphate by proton addition for Calcium ion (Goldstein, 1994). The production of organic acids by PSB has been deep notifified. Among them, gluconic acid seems to be the most repeated occurance agent of mineral phosphate solubilization. Being an in specified microorganism is known to be involved in the solubilization of insoluble phosphates (Alexander, 1977). These phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms render insoluble phosphate into soluble group formed completely the series of acidification and chelation of some reactions. This process not only compensates for higher cost of manufacturing fertilizers in industry but also mobilizes the fertilizers added to soil (Rodriguez and Reynaldo, 1999). Therefore, many researchers have tried to increase the plant-available phosphate fraction by means of Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) such as Achromobacter sp, Agrobacterium sp, Alcaligens sp, Bacillus cereus, B. polymyxa, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas striata and Xanthomonas sp and Fungi like Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. Several mechanisms of plant microbe interaction may participate in the association and affect plant growth, including IAA, Siderophore production and biocontrol against Pyricularia oryzae. Thus, the Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) affect the plant growth through direct promotion by producing plant growth promoting substances and through indirect promotion by acting against plant pathogenic microorganisms (Kloepper et al., 1989). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are free living, soil borne bacteria, which enhance the growth of the plant either directly or indirectly (Kloepper et al., 1980; Glick and Ibid, 1995). The direct mechanisms involve nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, HCN production, manufacturing of phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, and lowering of ethylene concentration (Glick and Ibid, 1995; Glick et al., 1999). Bacteria belonging to the genera Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and Rhizobium as well as Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Acetobacter diazotrophicus and Bradyrhizobium japonicum have been shown to that which is produced auxins which help in inducing plant growth increase (Patten and Glick, 2002). There are many reports on plant growth pro ­motion and yield enhancement by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Lugtenberg et al., 2001). The mechanisms of plant growth increase the pro ­motion by PGPR include: the ability to produce phytohormones, N2 fixation, antagonism against phytopathogens and solubilization of insoluble phosphates (Lugtenberg and Kamilova, 2009). It was also suggested that the PGPR can also prevent the deleterious effects of stresses from the environ ­ment (Paul and Nair, 2008). Composting is a biotechnological process by which different microbial communities convert organic wastes into a stabilized form. During the process, temperatures arise because of the heat released due to biological activity. These temperatures are responsible for pathogen inactivation. Composting is an aerobic process that requires O2, optimal moisture and enough free air space and C:N ratio within certain limits. The treatment by composting leads to the development of microbial populations, which causes numerous physicochemical changes within mixture. These changes could influence the metal distribution through release of heavy metals during organic matter mineralization or the metal solubilization by the decrease of pH, metal biosorption by the microbial biomass or metal complexation with the newly formed humic substances or other factors (Rahul Kumar et al., 2010). One of the most effective means of recycling any organic wastes for agricultural use is by means of composting, an accepted practice in India and elsewhere. In many cases in India, it is valuable to add nutrients to compost to increase its fertilizer value. Although, sugar industry wastes are relatively high in nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and potassium, they are generally deficient in phosphorus, iron and zinc when compared to fertilizers commonly used in India. Further, the possibility of enriching organic wastes with micronutrients like Fe and Zn, which have become critical in crop production, have been studied and their effectiveness is increased appreciably through combined application of organics with FeSO4 and ZnSO4 in addition to N, P, K fertilizers (Deepa Devi, 1992; Sennimalai, 1994). Therefore, it is appropriate to develop composting systems that are capable of converting these agroindustrial wastes into valuable organic fertilizers. Among the microbes, bacteria are the most important one for decomposing waste. Bacteria use press mud for their metabolism and finally they produce some simple and useful compounds from them which are important for soil health, plant growth and over all to keep well balance of natural ecosystem (Zaved et al., 2008). Moreover, efficien ­cy of bacterial in bioconversion or organic compounds is well documented (Petre et al., 1999; Suhaimi et al., 2012). Unfortunately, knowledge on physico-chemical and mi ­crobial diversity of bacteria on bioconversion of sugarcane press mud is limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to monitor the chemical and biological changes during composting of sugarcane press mud with cattle manure in order to get high quality stabilized product within the goal of shortening the stabilization time. The pressmud biocompost contains appreciable amount of plant nutrients viz., organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium along with traces of micronutrients viz., Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn (Banulekha, 2007). The beneficial effect of the organic matter for enhancing the soil fertility and thereby improving the crop productivity is well established (Laird et al., 2001). Objectives of the present study To collect the soil samples from ten different locations in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. To isolate and identify the Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter asburiae) from collected soil samples. To screen the efficient Phosphate solubilizing bacterial isolates based on production of plant growth promoting substances. Composting of sugar mill waste (pressmud) by Phosphobacterial isolates and analysis of nutrient status of compost mixtures. To study the combined effect of efficient phosphobacterial isolates and compost mixture for the growth and yield of Paddy BPT-5804(Oryza sativa L.) Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin become or make less indicate in the present study during the bacterial consortium based composting process. Singh and Sharma (2002) reported rapid decomposition of wheat straw with a mixture of cellulolytic fungi, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus niger along with nitrogen fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum. The simulated activity of bacterial consortium present in the waste substrate ability to do have characterised by intensity cellulolysis and lignolysis as advised done by Loquet et al. (1984). Hemicellulosic residue of pressmud contains a large quantity of xylans. Xylanase are enzymes that are capable of degrading xylan units yielding large quantities of monomeric xylose units. The xylanases activities during composting. The xylanase activity in all the treatments was found to be on the 30th day and thereafter a sharp decline was noticed. During 90th days maximum xylanase activity recorded in CM – 8 (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) (5.91 U ml-1 of protein) followed by CM -5 (4.93 U ml-1 of protein), CM – 6 (3.91 U ml-1 of protein), CM – 3 (3.89 U ml-1 of protein), CM – 2 (3.00 U ml-1 of protein), CM – 4 (2.92 U ml-1 of protein) and CM – 6 (2.00 U ml-1 of protein). The minimum amount of xylanase activity recorded in CM – 1 (pressmud alone) (1.82 U ml-1 of protein). The survival and microbial activity during the entire composting process was studied by estimating dehydrogenase activity. During 90th day, maximum dehydrogenase activity recorded in CM – 8 (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) (3.09 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1) followed by CM – 7 (2.95 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1), CM 6 (2.39 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1), CM – 5 (2.30 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1), CM – 4 (1.71 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1), CM – 3 (1.70 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1) and CM – 2 (1.68 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1). Lower amount of dehydrogenase activity recorded in CM – 1 (Pressmud alone) (1.00 mg formazon formed h-1 g-1). In general, percentage cellulose reduction increased thereafter decrease in the period of decomposition in press mud up to end of 90days. The initial cellulose content of pressmud was 15.75 % explained. During 90th day, maximum cellulose reduction recorded in CM – 8 (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) (3.81%) followed by CM – 5 (3.88%), CM – 6 (3.99%), CM – 7 (4.09%), CM – 3 (4.2%), CM – 2 (4.62%) and CM – 4 (4.65%). The minimum cellulose reduction recorded in CM – 1 (pressmud alone) (5.62%). Changes in reduction of hemicellulose content during composting of pressmud are studied. From the results, it was noticed that the reduction of hemicellulose content increased thereafter decreased in all treatments. During 90th day, reduction in hemicellulose content recorded in CM – 8 (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis +Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) (7.76%) followed by CM – 6 (7.85%), CM – 5 (7.90%), CM – 7 (7.92%), CM – 3 (7.95%), CM – 2 (9.22%) and CM – 4 (9.37%). Least amount of reduction in hemicellulose content recorded in CM – 1 (Pressmud alone) (13.00%). Inoculation levels were found to have significant ef ­fect on reduction in lignin content. During 90th day, reduction of lignin content in triple inoculants compost mixture recorded in CM – 8 (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis +Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) (6.10%), followed by CM – 5 (6.31), CM – 6 (6.64%), CM – 7 (6.69%), CM – 2 (6.81%), CM – 2 (7.60%) and CM – 4 (7.70%). The lowest reduction in lignin content recorded in CM – 1 (Pressmud alone) (8.24%). Faryal et al. (2006) have suggested the effects of inoculation with three thermophilic species of Bacillus on the composting activity of drainage water that passes through sewers sludge amended with black combustible mineral fly the grey soft remains as the causer or source. The bacteria population present in the compost mixtures were estimated quantitatively during the 90th day. In all the treatments the bacterial population was more in CM – 8 (29.32 Ãâ€" 106 cfu g-1) and less in CM-1 (15.00 Ãâ€" 106 cfu g-1). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on plant height of paddy var BPT – 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was measured. Among the various treatments tested, the highest plant height was recorded in the treatment T8 (75% NPK + Compost Mixture 8 + BS + BM + EA) (121 .98 cm). The least plant height was recorded in T9 (Control) (89.30 cm). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Dry matter production of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the dry matter production was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (8.12 t ha-1). The lowest chlorophyll content was recorded in T9 (Control) (4.00 t ha-1). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Leaf area index at flowering of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the Leaf area index at flowering was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (6.42 cm). The lowest grain yield was recorded in T9 (Control) (3.98cm). The Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on chlorophyll content of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the chlorophyll content was maximum in the treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (3.09 mg/g of leaf). The lowest chlorophyll content was recorded in T9 (Control) (3.00 mg/g of leaf). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on number of tillers plant1 of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the number of tillers plant -1 was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (18.86). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (18.52) was on par with the treatment T8. The lowest tillers plant1 was recorded in T9 (Control) (10.56). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Number of tillers panicles hill -1 of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the Number of tillers panicles hill -1 was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (6.37). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (6.01) was on par with the treatment T8. The minimum tillers panicles hill -1 was recorded in T9 (Control) (3.00). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Number of filled grains panicles -1 of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the Number of filled grains panicles-1 was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM+BS+BM+EA) (73.03). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (72.78) was on par with the treatment T8. The lowest filled grains panicles-1 was recorded in T9 (Control) (57.24). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Number of thousand grain weight of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the No of thousand grain weight was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM + BS + BM + EA) (21.56). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (21.01) was on par with T8. The minimum grain weight was recorded in T9 (Control) (14.23). The effect of Compost mixture (Pressmud + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Enterobacter asburiae) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on grain yield and straw yield of paddy var BPT 5804 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Among the nine treatments tested, the grain yield and straw yield content was maximum in treatment T8 (75% NPK + CM + BS + BM + EA) (47.36), (63.76) and the treatment T1 (100% NPK) (46.88), (63.24) was on par with the treatment T8. The lowest grain yield was recorded in T9 (Control) (25.23), (49.76). The effect of Compost mixture and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on nutrients uptake (N, P K) was determined. Among the treatments tested, maximum NPK uptake was recorded in the treatment T8 (75% NPK + BS + BM + EA) (121.56 kg ha-1), (22.86 kg ha-1), (118.73 kg ha-1). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (121.02 kg ha-1), (22.41 kg ha-1) and (118.31 kg ha-1) was on par with the treatment T8. The lowest NPK was recorded in T9 (Control) (92.85 kg ha-1), (11.77 kg ha-1) and (89.82 kg ha-1). The effect of Compost mixture and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on nutrients uptake (N, P K) was determined. Among the treatments tested, maximum NPK uptake was recorded in the treatment T8 (75% NPK + BS + BM + EA) (72.85 kg ha-1) (18.73 kg ha-1) and (81.67 kg ha-1). The treatment T1 (100% NPK) (72.43 kg ha-1), (18.51 kg ha-1) and (81.47 kg ha-1) was on par with T8. The minimum NPK was recorded in T9 (Control) (46.21 kg ha-1), (08.05 kg ha-1) and (56.12 kg ha-1) The effect of Compost mixture and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria on bacterial population was studied. Highest bacterial population was recorded in the treatment T8 (Bacteria – 36.66 Ãâ€" 106 cfu g-1 and the lowest bacterial population (19.27 Ãâ€" 106 cfu g-1).

Masculine and Feminine Perspectives in Virginia Woolfs To The Lighthou

Masculine and Feminine Perspectives in To the Lighthouse      Ã‚  Ã‚   Although subjectivity and objectivity are both constantly at work in today's society, the two concepts have opposite meanings.   We can categorize subjectivity as a quality that dominates the female persona, whereas objectivity is clearly the tool of the male.   Woolf represents these two opposing views in the form of characters.   During the course of a conversation concerning the weather, Mr. Ramsay and Mr. Tansley completely sever logic from emotion and concentrate only on the facts surrounding the matter.   They believe that life can be empirically cut up into millions of facts and truths.   Mrs. Ramsay, on the other hand, believes that empirical data and personal subjectivity should be viewed together and with equal importance.   Mr. Ramsay and Mr. Tansley represent the masculine worldview concerning facts and feelings, and Mrs. Ramsay represents the feminine worldview.   In this novel, Woolf is not arguing to do away with empiricism completely, she si mply believes it should be considered along with subjectivity.   Mrs. Ramsay fights against the hopelessness that empiricism brought and seeks to weave her own worldview, hoping to win James. And because Mr. Ramsay boldly asserts that this perception of the world is "the folly of women's minds" (31), places this novel not just on a level of critiquing worldviews, but worldviews as perceived through gender.   This essay will argue that the feminine worldview, presented by Mrs. Ramsay in To the Lighthouse, is the most virtuous perception because it seeks a balance ... ...her people's feelings . . . was to her so horrible an outrage of human decency that . . . there was nothing to be said" (31-32).   Mrs. Ramsay produces the most virtuous worldview because she accepted empiricism and made room for hope and considered other people's feelings.    Works Cited and Consulted: Gilbert, Sandra M. and Gubar, Susan. No Man's Land, Volume 3,: Letters From the Front. London: Yale University Press, 1994. Latham, Jacqueline, ed. Critics on Virginia Woolf. Florida: University of Miami Press, 1970. O'Brien Schaefer, Josephine. The Three-fold Nature of Reality in the Novels of Virginia Woolf. The Hague: Mouton and Co., 1965, pp. 111-13, 118-25. Woolf, Virginia. To the Lighthouse. Introduction by D.M. Hoare, Ph.D. London: J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1960

Atlantic Slave Trade: Social and Cultural Impact on the Society Essay

In The Atlantic Slave Trade Herbert Klein attempts to go into great detail of the inner workings of the slave trade: how it came to be, the parties involved, as well as the social and cultural impacts it had on the society. When thinking of the slave trade previous to this class, I would think to myself how low we as a humanity once became, and how many of African Americans were exploited to this awful set of events. After reading the book, those same thoughts still remained, however, due to Klein my understanding of the knowledge gave me greater insight into how complex the slave trade really was. How Portugal was one of the leaders in the slave trade, how countries turned against each other, and how much of the world was involved in this horrific set of events were all news to me while reading. Because of this complexity, no matter how clear the author was, the multitudes of information seemed to overwhelm me through my reading. Herbert Klein organized the book in a way that made all the information very precise, however, with all the numerical data I had a hard time keeping track. â€Å"The Chesapeake became the primary tobacco producer for the world, exporting 38 million pounds by 1700 †¦ holding some 145,000 slaves by 1750 †¦ absorbed 40,000 slaves by midcentury. By 1790 there were an impressive 698,000 slaves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (44). This was all in the matter of a couple of sentences, for myself I could never retain the information that was provided in the first sentence. This quote does however go into precise figures, and is actually well laid out as a whole. Without having a deep prior knowledge though, it is very difficult to follow the what’s all going on. If someone was to read this with prior knowledge of the subject, I’m sure they could weed out a lot of the information and take away more from the book. This book is definitely not for some general educated reader to pickup. It requires a decent understanding of the geography, slight prior knowledge of the subject, as well as the full interest into the subject. â€Å"The first region encountered by the Portuguese as they rounded Cape Bojador and arrived in the western Sudan just south of the Sahara, was the area called Senegambia, which took its name from the Senegal and Gambia Rivers, its two most prominent features† (60). This quote proves as an example, and a simple one at that, that one must know at least where everything is to fully gather the information that is provided in Klein’s book. Without it, one may surely get lost in the reading. Even if a specialist were to read the book, I feel that due to how compact the book is, that they may get lost while reading as well. I don’t feel as though one could read through the book just once and honestly say, â€Å"I understood the majority of the information thro ughout the book,† without getting lost somewhere in the book. Entering this project, nothing really interested me while looking at the end â€Å"Selected Sources† of each chapter. Slavery was the only thing that seemed remotely interesting, not only because it’s such a huge part of history, but also because I didn’t know much about it. I had no clue that so many countries were so directly involved in this business of sorts, that Portugal was the origin of the slave trade, and that the power’s shifted so much in this horrific tragedy that happened in the new world. The book has increased my knowledge of the events that happened during the slave trade, but not necessarily my interest. I never found myself deeply engaged in the book unfortunately, and I found that surprising. I still strongly believe that the slave trade was wrong, but I have neither gained, nor lost interest in it. The importance of the subject is made clear with all the information inside of it. I may not understand every detail as they are going through, but the way the book is organized in a way where the importance of the subject is definitely shown. The importance of the book is to show us readers what the Atlantic Slave trade was all about. The chapter titles, and the information that is reflected in each chapter really shows this. Chapter titles beginning with â€Å"Slavery in Western Development,† and ending with, â€Å"The End of the Slave Trade,† really show how the author wanted to really concentrate on the bigger picture, rather than one specific moment in the Atlantic Slave Trade. Throughout the book, I don’t believe there were any major inconsistencies. I actually felt that Klein went deeper, and was most precise in his book. â€Å"If the slave trade was profitable and the Africans were put to productive use in the Americas, then why did Europeans begin to attack the trade at the end of the eighteenth century and systemically terminate the participation of every European metropolis and American colony or republic in the nineteenth century?† (188). Klein frequently used this strategy of posing a question at the beginning of the chapter, and then answering the same question throughout the rest of the chapter. Using this strategy, any inconsistencies were very infrequent, if none at all. All in all, there wouldn’t be anything in the book that I would need explained more, the author presented the question himself, and provided enough information where I felt he answered the question, and more. Because of how tough this book was to read for myself I probably wouldn’t recommend it to someone who wanted to just read a book. If someone was interested in learning the intricacies, and the numerical data that came along with the Atlantic Slave Trade I would definitely recommend this one. It’s just one of those books that if you don’t have the want, or motivation to read it, then it won’t be enjoyable, and you’ll likely become lost in the plethora of information the book presents.

Many movies are made to mimic popular books

Many movies are made to mimic popular books. Many times, the movie does not do the book any justice. This is the case with the movie of Ordinary People. Judith Guests praised book, Ordinary People, uses complex characters and their thoughts to tell the story of three people dealing with a tragedy; on the contrary, the movie focuses mainly on the tragedy. The book is far more effective than the movie because of the pivotal scenes and characterization. The characterization in the book is substantially stronger. The story is basically told through the thoughts of the main character, Conrad, and his father, Calvin. These thoughts allow one to understand what is going on in the characters mind and understand what they are going through more effectively. In the book, Conrad describes the death of Buck, his brother, in detail through his thoughts and in his dreams. It makes it easy to understand what happened. In the movie, only a few dreams are shown. If the book had not been read first, it would be very hard to understand what these dreams were all about. Scenes throughout the book used the inner thoughts of Calvin and Conrad to explain what was happening in the story. Without these thoughts, the story line was very hard to follow. Vital scenes in the book were excluded from the movie. One pivotal scene involves Conrads mother, Beth, and Conrad quitting the swim team. Beth was asked by one of her friends why Conrad quit swimming. At that point, Beth didnt even know that Conrad had quit swimming. This is what upset Beth. After returning home, Beth confronted Conrad about the fact that he had not told them about the swim team. Conrad said that he was waiting for the right time. This scene reiterated the fact that Beth was unable to fully love. This scene was completely omitted from the movie. This scene helped prove that Beth was only concerned about herself, without it, one does not get to see ...

Free Essays on Death Of A Salesman Female Roles

Women in today’s society have a variety of roles to perform throughout their lives. To become a complete woman, one must embrace each role as a vital piece of her own individuality. As the expectations of society changed with feminist movement, women recognized these new aged standards. Which in turn combined the roles of women into one conflicted model, each of our main roles contradict one an other, but the fundamental intent of each role has not been altered throughout generations. â€Å"Arthur Miller† has revealed the diversity of women’s roles in â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by individualizing each female role in this playwright. The sympathetic, and tenderhearted behavior of Linda Lawman has placed her in the task of a thoughtful mother figure. Sexual female roles are also dramatized throughout this play, for instance â€Å"The Woman†, who is Willy’s mistress. As well Miss Forsythe and Letta are illustrated as ladies of the evening. Jenny is a secretary, who does not receive respect she is entitled to as a workingwoman. Every one of these roles is essential to women as a whole; being devoid of any of these characteristics would create a perfect woman within expectations of today’s society. Throughout history the fondness of a woman’s attention has been a spirited pursuit for men, women’s sexually has always been used to caress males confidence. The Lowman men use women to boost their egos right through the play. Happy and Biff both believe that intercourse is directly associated to ones own self-confidence, as well that using woman for sex is completely appropriate way to treat women, â€Å"I’ve got to see that old confidence again. Do you want her? She’s on call.† Willy is no more exceptional at the art of courting a woman then his sons are. The most important incentive for the affair is Willy’s personal self-worth; â€Å"The Wom... Free Essays on Death Of A Salesman Female Roles Free Essays on Death Of A Salesman Female Roles Women in today’s society have a variety of roles to perform throughout their lives. To become a complete woman, one must embrace each role as a vital piece of her own individuality. As the expectations of society changed with feminist movement, women recognized these new aged standards. Which in turn combined the roles of women into one conflicted model, each of our main roles contradict one an other, but the fundamental intent of each role has not been altered throughout generations. â€Å"Arthur Miller† has revealed the diversity of women’s roles in â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by individualizing each female role in this playwright. The sympathetic, and tenderhearted behavior of Linda Lawman has placed her in the task of a thoughtful mother figure. Sexual female roles are also dramatized throughout this play, for instance â€Å"The Woman†, who is Willy’s mistress. As well Miss Forsythe and Letta are illustrated as ladies of the evening. Jenny is a secretary, who does not receive respect she is entitled to as a workingwoman. Every one of these roles is essential to women as a whole; being devoid of any of these characteristics would create a perfect woman within expectations of today’s society. Throughout history the fondness of a woman’s attention has been a spirited pursuit for men, women’s sexually has always been used to caress males confidence. The Lowman men use women to boost their egos right through the play. Happy and Biff both believe that intercourse is directly associated to ones own self-confidence, as well that using woman for sex is completely appropriate way to treat women, â€Å"I’ve got to see that old confidence again. Do you want her? She’s on call.† Willy is no more exceptional at the art of courting a woman then his sons are. The most important incentive for the affair is Willy’s personal self-worth; â€Å"The Wom...

REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

REPORT - Essay Example This as a result leads to certain unforeseen incidents that have severe adverse effects on the stakeholders and the society. Ford is one of the best ethical companies that is known for its code of conduct and strict enforcements. It sets an example for all the business firms on how the ethical practices can be followed and what are its positive implications. This paper is focused on the ethical consumerism practices in the business market and how the companies can take steps to improve ethical sourcing of products and services. The concept of ethical sourcing has recently become a topic of concern among the customers. Moreover it also determines the attractiveness of a company to its stakeholders. Ethical practices are overlooked by many large companies who are blinded by their short term goals, this as a result lead to long term adverse consequences. This paper discusses how a firm can responsibly adopt ethical practices to ensure sustainable business activities. It also highlights the ethical practices of Ford Motors, which is considered to be one of the most ethical companies in the world. The incident mentioned in the case study is a clear indication towards the long term adverse effects of avoiding ethical practices. The collapse of the Rana plaza building could have been avoided if the companies were more concerned about its maintenance (case study). The ethical practices of a firm include taking care of the sustainability of the industry, environment and the interest of the stakeholders. Most of the companies overlooked the necessity of ethical practices and sustainable marketing and is often perceived as an added cost to the company. However, they fail to realize that these ethical practices are the ones that allow the company to maintain a steady growth and help to avoid unforeseen circumstances. The collapse of the Rana Plaza building has affected a lot of firms that sourced garments from the supplier companies in that building. This incident had

Gun Control is Not the Ticket to Peace Assignment

Gun Control is Not the Ticket to Peace - Assignment Example In this respect, the effectiveness of the gun control laws will be the deterrent of the incidences of shootings, but not stopping such incidences from occurring altogether (Griffith, n.p.). The logic behind this observation is that; the increase in the incidences of shootings is not caused by the highest number of licensed guns that the government has issued to the civilians. In fact, if we would like to be candid with ourselves, we would then agree that virtually all the incidences of public shootings are as a result of guns that are acquired illegally (Smith, n.p.). Consequently, the establishment of gun control laws may help to instil fear on the legal gun holders not to shoot at others, but such efforts will have no effects on the criminals and social deviants who rule and operate the black markets. Further, it is also essential to pose and reflect for a moment on the major reasons why those people who shoot at the public do so. Is it because they have acquired a licensed gun and are trying to test its efficiency? Is it because they have been licensed to hold a gun and they want the rest of the public to realize that they are legal gun holders who can now shoot at anyone, anywhere and at any time? Or is it because such people are feeling that their security is highly threatened by the innocent schoolchildren and so they enter the school premises, draw their guns and shoot at them? The reality attests to none of the above. Thus, the core of the problem does not lie in the possession of a gun; legal or illegal, but in the state of the mind of the gun holder (Pacharis, n.p.). In this respect, if we are to address the problem of people shooting at innocent children and other unarmed members of the public, then we have to think in direction of treating the core of the problem of the attackers, which is their mental health. The tragedy of mass murder is not committed by individuals who are sane, but mostly by just a small section of the society that has a mental health problem.  Ã‚